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A Closer Look at the Minimum Income Requirement for Parent and Grandparent Sponsorship

The Minimum Necessary Income (or “MNI”) requirement affects the ability of a Canadian citizen or permanent resident to sponsor certain foreign national members of the family class.

IRPR s. 120 states (emphasis added):

120. For the purposes of Part 5,

(a) permanent resident visa shall not be issued to a foreign national who makes an application as a member of the family class or to their accompanying family members unless a sponsorship undertaking in respect of the foreign national and those family members is in effect; and

(b) a foreign national who makes an application as a member of the family class and their accompanying family members shall not become permanent residents unless a sponsorship undertaking in respect of the foreign national and those family members is in effect and the sponsor who gave that undertaking still meets the requirements of section 133 and, if applicable, section 137.

Section 133(1)(j) states (emphasis added):

133. (1) A sponsorship application shall only be approved by an officer if, on the day on which the application was filed and from that day until the day a decision is made with respect to the application, there is evidence that the sponsor…

j) if the sponsor resides

(i) in a province other than a province referred to in paragraph 131(b),

(A) has a total income that is at least equal to the minimum necessary income, if the sponsorship application was filed in respect of a foreign national other than a foreign national referred to in clause (B), or

(B) has a total income that is at least equal to the minimum necessary income, plus 30%, for each of the three consecutive taxation years immediately preceding the date of filing of the sponsorship application, if the sponsorship application was filed in respect of a foreign national who is

(I) the sponsor’s mother or father, (my note: i.e. parent)

(II) the mother or father of the sponsor’s mother or father, (my note: i.e. grandparent) or

(III) an accompanying family member of the foreign national described in subclause (I) or (II), and

(ii) in a province referred to in paragraph 131(b), is able, within the meaning of the laws of that province and as determined by the competent authority of that province, to fulfil the undertaking referred to in that paragraph;

“Minimum necessary income” is defined in IRPR sections 2 and 134 and identified as “… the minimum amount of before-tax annual income necessary to support a group of persons ….”

minimum necessary income means the amount identified, in the most recent edition of the publication concerning low income cut-offs that is published annually by Statistics Canada under the Statistics Act, for urban areas of residence of 500,000 persons or more as the minimum amount of before-tax annual income necessary to support a group of persons equal in number to the total number of the following persons:

  • (a) a sponsor and their family members,

  • (b) the sponsored foreign national, and their family members, whether they are accompanying the foreign national or not, and

  • (c) every other person, and their family members,

    • (i) in respect of whom the sponsor has given or co-signed an undertaking that is still in effect, and

    • (ii) in respect of whom the sponsor’s spouse or common-law partner has given or co-signed an undertaking that is still in effect, if the sponsor’s spouse or common-law partner has co-signed with the sponsor the undertaking in respect of the foreign national referred to in paragraph (b). (revenu vital minimum)

By the above definition, it is important to properly calculate the size of your family and as well take into account any changes that might occur if your family size were to change during the application process.

It is also important to note R.134(1) on how income is calculated, especially the exclusions and how that may affect the income amounts (emphasis added)::

Income calculation rules

  •  (1) Subject to subsection (3), for the purpose of clause 133(1)(j)(i)(A), the sponsor’s total income shall be calculated in accordance with the following rules:

    • (a) the sponsor’s income shall be calculated on the basis of the last notice of assessment, or an equivalent document, issued by the Minister of National Revenue in respect of the most recent taxation year preceding the date of filing of the sponsorship application;

    • (b) if the sponsor produces a document referred to in paragraph (a), the sponsor’s income is the income earned as reported in that document less the amounts referred to in subparagraphs (c)(i) to (v);

    • (c) if the sponsor does not produce a document referred to in paragraph (a), or if the sponsor’s income as calculated under paragraph (b) is less than their minimum necessary income, the sponsor’s Canadian income for the 12-month period preceding the date of filing of the sponsorship application is the income earned by the sponsor not including

      • (i) any provincial allowance received by the sponsor for a program of instruction or training,

      • (ii) any social assistance received by the sponsor from a province,

      • (iii) any financial assistance received by the sponsor from the Government of Canada under a resettlement assistance program,

      • (iv) any amounts paid to the sponsor under the Employment Insurance Act, other than special benefits,

      • (v) any monthly guaranteed income supplement paid to the sponsor under the Old Age Security Act, and

      • (vi) any Canada child benefit paid to the sponsor under the Income Tax Act; and

    • (d) if there is a co-signer, the income of the co-signer, as calculated in accordance with paragraphs (a) to (c), with any modifications that the circumstances require, shall be included in the calculation of the sponsor’s income.

  • Exception

    (1.1) Subject to subsection (3), for the purpose of clause 133(1)(j)(i)(B), the sponsor’s total income shall be calculated in accordance with the following rules:

    • (a) the sponsor’s income shall be calculated on the basis of the income earned as reported in the notices of assessment, or an equivalent document, issued by the Minister of National Revenue in respect of each of the three consecutive taxation years immediately preceding the date of filing of the sponsorship application;

    • (b) the sponsor’s income is the income earned as reported in the documents referred to in paragraph (a), not including

      • (i) any provincial allowance received by the sponsor for a program of instruction or training,

      • (ii) any social assistance received by the sponsor from a province,

      • (iii) any financial assistance received by the sponsor from the Government of Canada under a resettlement assistance program,

      • (iv) any amounts paid to the sponsor under the Employment Insurance Act, other than special benefits,

      • (v) any monthly guaranteed income supplement paid to the sponsor under the Old Age Security Act, and

      • (vi) any Canada child benefit paid to the sponsor under the Income Tax Act; and

    • (c) if there is a co-signer, the income of the co-signer, as calculated in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b), with any modifications that the circumstances require, shall be included in the calculation of the sponsor’s income.

Finally, a clause that  frequently captures individuals, especially in those applications that take increased time to process is IRCC’s ability under R. 134(2) [subject to R.134(3) calculation rules] to ask for updated evidence of income if more than 12 months have elapsed since the receipt of the sponsorship application or an officer receives information that the sponsor is no longer able to fulfil the obligations of the sponsorship undertaking (emphasis added):

  • Updated evidence of income

    (2) An officer may request from the sponsor, after the receipt of the sponsorship application but before a decision is made on an application for permanent residence, updated evidence of income if

    • (a) the officer receives information indicating that the sponsor is no longer able to fulfil the obligations of the sponsorship undertaking; or

    • (b) more than 12 months have elapsed since the receipt of the sponsorship application.

  • Modified income calculation rules

    (3) When an officer receives the updated evidence of income requested under subsection (2), the sponsor’s total income shall be calculated in accordance with subsection (1) or (1.1), as applicable, except that

    • (a) in the case of paragraph (1)(a), the sponsor’s income shall be calculated on the basis of the last notice of assessment, or an equivalent document, issued by the Minister of National Revenue in respect of the most recent taxation year preceding the day on which the officer receives the updated evidence;

    • (b) in the case of paragraph (1)(c), the sponsor’s income is the sponsor’s Canadian income earned during the 12-month period preceding the day on which the officer receives the updated evidence; and

    • (c) in the case of paragraph (1.1)(a), the sponsor’s income shall be calculated on the basis of the income earned as reported in the notices of assessment, or an equivalent document, issued by the Minister of National Revenue in respect of each of the three consecutive taxation years immediately preceding the day on which the officer receives the updated evidence.

 

What is the $$ Required for the Minimum Income Requirement (as of the date of this post)?

IRCC sets out the MNIs for parent and grandparent sponsorship, which discussed above, are the Minimum Necessary Income (“MNI”) plus 30%. IRCC obtains that information by either by an Applicant’s consent on Question 8 of the Financial Evaluation for Parents and Grandparents Sponsorship form or by completing the Income Sources for the Sponsorship of Parents and Grandparents form and submitting NOAs for the three preceding years.

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Expect this to […]

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Seven Things You Should Know Canadian Parent and Grandparent Class Family Sponsorship Program in 2016 and Five Policy Changes I Would Implement

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Introduction

On November 23, 2015, Citizenship and Immigration Canada announced the details of 2016’s offering of the much-anticipated Parents and Grandparent Family Sponsorship Program. The full details of the program can be accessed here.

For the past several years, this program often fills up by the second week of January. In fact, many applicants submit their applications by express courier just prior to the New Year to ensure arrival by the program’s opening date.

This year’s program comes with even more anticipation as the Parent and Grandparent Class was at the forefront of at least two  pre-election promises of the Liberal Government.

In their pre-election platform paper “A New Plan for Canadian Immigration and Economic Opportunity,” the Liberals set out those promises as follows:

  • Nearly doubling the budget for family class immigration processing, in order to restore processing times to the levels achieved before the Harper decade.
  • Doubling the number of new applications allowed each year, for parents and grandparents, from 5,000 to 10,000.

These proposed ideas found themselves into Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s Mandate Letter to Immigration, Refugee, and Citizenship Minister John McCallum where these promises are reiterated as follows:

  • As part of the Annual Immigration Levels Plan for 2016, bring forward a proposal to double the number of entry applications for parents and grandparents of immigrants to 10,000 a year.
  • Develop a plan to reduce application processing times for sponsorship, citizenship and other visas.

So how will this year’s application process fair? How would I change things?

Ten Things to Note

  1. This year’s program opens up on 4 January 2015 at 8 am Eastern.
  1. There will be a cap on accepted applications. The current cap on new completed applications is 5,000 (pending any future Ministerial directions or changes provided in the 2016 Immigration Levels Plan).
  1. Law Firms/Consultants Beware – Citizenship and Immigration Canada is not accepting bulk Applications. Each must be individually packaged and enveloped.
  1. Minimum Necessary Income For Sponsorship Has Increased Again
Federal Income Table for Parents and Grandparents Sponsorship
Size of Family Unit Minimum Income
2014
Minimum Income
2013
Minimum Income
2012
2 persons $38,272 $37,708 $36,637
3 persons $47,051 $46,354 $45,040
4 persons $57,125 $56,280 $54,685
5 persons $64,791 $63,833 $62,023
6 persons $73,072 $71,991 $69,950
7 persons $81,355 $80,153 $77,879
If more than 7 persons, for each additional person, add $8,271 $8,148 $7,929

Note that an Applicant must meet or exceed the Federal Income Table from the date the sponsorship is signed until the day the family members become permanent residents. What this means is for the 10 years that an application is in processing, a sponsor theoretically has to meet the requirement in every year and can be subject to reassessment at any time.

  1. Processing Times are Currently Astronomical – averaging 9-10 years total, with bulk of time spent at Visa Offices around the World

Parents and Grandparent sponsorship works on a two step process (much like Spousal Sponsorship via the Outside Canada Family Class process). The first stage, assessed at Case Processing Centre Mississauga, where the applications are received, is currently taking 48 months (i.e 4 years). Currently, they are working on applications received on or before November 4, 2011.

Following this, the applications are sent overseas for assessment. During stage two – the process is currently taking anywhere from 1 year to 7 years at some visa offices. Averaging out at around 5 years.

CIC has posted average processing times (last updated 10 July 2015), and they are available below:

Last quarterly update: July 10, 2015

Africa and Middle East
Visa Office Processing Times IN MONTHS
(based on a complete application package)
Abu Dhabi – United Arab Emirates 35
Accra – Ghana 79
Amman – Jordan 77
Ankara – Turkey 77
Beirut – Lebanon 79
Cairo – Egypt 72
Dakar – Senegal 77
Nairobi – Kenya 79
Pretoria – South Africa 67
Rabat – Morocco 76
Tel Aviv – Israel 63

 

Asia and Pacific
Visa Office Processing Times IN MONTHS
(based on a complete application package)
Beijing – China 71
Colombo – Sri Lanka 74
Hong Kong – China 62
Islamabad – Pakistan 80
Manila – Philippines 76
New Delhi – India 77
Singapore – Singapore 75
Sydney – Australia 35

 

Europe
Visa Office Processing Times IN MONTHS
(based on a complete application package)
Bucharest – Romania 75
Kyiv – Ukraine 71
London – United Kingdom 82
Moscow – Russia 74
Paris – France 71
Rome – Italy 66
Vienna – Austria 81
Warsaw – Poland 66

 

Americas
Visa Office Processing Times IN MONTHS
(based on a complete application package)
Bogota – Colombia 65
Buenos Aires – Argentina 76
Guatemala City – Guatemala
Havana – Cuba
Kingston – Jamaica 78
Lima – Peru 26
Los Angeles – United States 83
Mexico City – Mexico 74
New York – United States
Ottawa (Case Processing Centre) – Canada 69
Port-au-Prince – Haiti 53
Port of Spain – Trinidad and Tobago 74
Santiago – Chile
Santo Domingo – Dominican Republic
Sao Paulo – Brazil 22

 

Essentially, if my numbers are correct – it will be a least a decade until many Canadians see their parents/grandparents. These are 10 years that many Canadian families simply do not have with the increasing age and declining health of elderly parents and grandparents.

  1. Undertaking for Sponsors is for 20 years

This means that you must promise to provide financial support and basic requirements for the person you are sponsoring including – food, clothing, utilities, personal requirements, shelter, fuel, household supplies, AND any health care not provided by public health such as eye and dental care.

If your family member receives financial support from a federal, provincial, or municipal program while the undertaking is valid you will be considered to be in default which will have consequences for any other sponsorship application.

  1. Your Spouse/Common-Law Partner is the only one who can act as a Co-Signer.

Five Policy Suggestions Moving Forward

If I were advising the Minister, I would have the following suggestions on how to improve the Parent and Grandparent Sponsorship Program:

  1. Contact individuals in the current four year queue/waitlist and ask for updates on their family. Offer an expedited/expanded super-visa option (3 years) to any family who has an urgent need.
  1. Create a second 5,000 draw. Have this draw conducted randomly with a select portion set aside for humanitarian and compassionate circumstances. Promise 2 year processing on this set of applicants. Offer all applicants the option to convert to a super visa at any time during processing;
  2. Announce the end of first-come, first-serve family immigration. I believe it is out of line with the rest of the Canadian immigration programs focused on quality and quantity rather than speed of application;
  1. Explore the option of an electronic ‘points-based’ process for a selection of family class applicants (perhaps ones that qualify for expedited) – 2 year processing. Criteria can include families that can demonstrate the greatest need (i.e. need for parent/grandparent to take care of child in case of two working parents) or other grounds necessitating family reunification (no family member/spouse in home country); and
  2. Allow other Canadian siblings other than the principal sponsor/co-signer to act as sponsor for the purposes of Minimum Income Requirements for the Federal Sponsorship Table. Have the requirement be a proactive provision of an account showing locked/frozen funds over the period of processing.

What are your thoughts on parents and grandparents? Would love to hear them in the comments below.

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Will Tao is an Award-Winning Canadian Immigration and Refugee Lawyer, Writer, and Policy Advisor based in Vancouver. Vancouver Immigration Blog is a public legal resource and social commentary.

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